A
before a countable noun beginning with a consonant ( any letters other than a,e,i,o,u)
An
before a countable noun beginning with a vowel( a, e, i, o, u)
The
before a thing or a group of things which is the only one or only group that exists
before the names of seas, oceans, rivers, deserts, mountain ranges, buildings, hotels, theaters, restaurants, special means of transport, countries
before a superlative ( the highest degree of comparison of an adjective)
e.g. hottest, thinnest
before a particular noun or a noun that has already been mentioned
countries' names, the is used only when they are formed of more than one words or when they end in s
e.g. The United Kingdom, The Philippines
For names of cities, towns, districts, roads, streets, "the" is not used
Countries' Name
Afghanistan - Albania - Algeria - Andorra - Angola - Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - Armenia - Australia - Austria - Azerbaijan - Bahamas - Bahrain - Bangladesh - Barbados - Belarus - Belgium - Belize - Benin - Bhutan - Bolivia - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Botswana - Brazil - Brunei - Bulgaria - Burkina Faso - Burundi - Cambodia - Cameroon - Canada - Cape Verde - Central African Republic - Chad - Chile - China - Colombia - Comoros - Congo (Democratic Republic) - Congo (Republic) - Costa Rica - Côte d'Ivoire - Croatia - Cuba - Cyprus - Czech Republic - Denmark - Djibouti - Dominica - Dominican Republic - East Timor - Ecuador - Egypt - El Salvador - Equatorial Guinea - Eritrea - Estonia - Ethiopia - Fiji - Finland - France - Gabon - The Gambia - Georgia - Germany - Ghana - Greece - Grenada - Guatemala - Guinea - Guinea-Bissau - Guyana - Haiti - Honduras - Hungary - Iceland - India - Indonesia - Iran - Iraq - Ireland - Israel - Italy - Jamaica - Japan - Jordan - Kazakhstan - Kenya - Kiribati - Korea (Democratic People's Republic) - Korea (Republic) - Kuwait - Kyrgyzstan - Laos - Latvia - Lebanon - Lesotho - Liberia - Libya - Liechtenstein - Lithuania - Luxembourg - Macedonia (Republic) - Madagascar - Malawi - Malaysia - Maldives - Mali - Malta - Marshall Islands - Mauritania - Mauritius - Mexico - Micronesia (Federated States) - Moldova - Monaco - Mongolia - Montenegro - Morocco - Mozambique - Myanmar - Namibia - Nauru - Nepal - The Netherlands - New Zealand - Nicaragua - Niger - Nigeria - Norway - Oman - Pakistan - Palau - Panama - Papua New Guinea - Paraguay - Peru - Philippines - Poland - Portugal - Qatar - Romania - Russia - Rwanda - Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Samoa - San Marino - São Tomé and Príncipe - Saudi Arabia - Senegal - Serbia - Seychelles - Sierra Leone - Singapore - Slovakia - Slovenia - Solomon Islands - Somalia - South Africa - Spain - Sri Lanka - Sudan - Suriname - Swaziland - Sweden - Switzerland - Syria - Tajikistan - Tanzania - Thailand - Togo - Tonga - Trinidad and Tobago - Tunisia - Turkey - Turkmenistan - Tuvalu - Uganda - Ukraine - United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom - United States - Uruguay - Uzbekistan - Vanuatu - Vatican City - Venezuela - Vietnam - Yemen - Zambia - Zimbabwe
Gerund動名詞
用途：
1：as subject of a sentence.
e.g. Dancing bored him.
2: After preposition.
e.g. I am too afraid of losing.
3: as complement of a verb.
e.g. He is drawing.
以下的動詞之後會跟Gerund
admit
anticipate
appreciate
avoid
consider
defer
delay
deny
detest
dislike
dread
enjoy
escape
excuse
fancy
finish
forgive
imagine
involve
keep
loathe
mean
mind
miss
pardon
postpone
practice
prevent
propose
recollect
remember
resent
resist
risk
stop
suggest
understand
Present Tense
In the third person singular (she, he or it):
- an "s" is added to the verb, e.g. I think, he thinks, I play, she plays.
- "es" is added to verbs endings in "sh", "ch", "o", e.g. I go, he goes, I do, she does, I watch, he watches, I wish, she wishes
- a verb ending in 'consonant+y' changes to 'consonant + ies', e.g. I try, he tries, I apply. he applies
- before y is vowels(a,e,i,o,u), y + s, e.g. I play, he plays, I stay, she stays
Present Continuous Tense
何時用？
For the present moment現在這一刻
e.g. What is Peter doing? He is reading a book.
For temporary situations臨時的情況
e.g. A football team is using that venue for a meeting.
For the present moment現在這一刻
e.g. What is Peter doing? He is reading a book.
For temporary situations臨時的情況
e.g. A football team is using that venue for a meeting.
State Verbs
這些動詞通常只會用現在式，不會是進行式
Some verbs always use simple tense but not continuous tense.
Prefer, like, belong, hate, hear, know, love, mean, realize, recognize, remember, see, understand, want, wish
Some verbs always use simple tense but not continuous tense.
Prefer, like, belong, hate, hear, know, love, mean, realize, recognize, remember, see, understand, want, wish
Present Tense Keywords
These words can let you know the sentence is Present Tense.
Usually
Often
Never
Sometimes
Seldom
Everyday
Every month
On Sundays
Etc.
Usually
Often
Never
Sometimes
Seldom
Everyday
Every month
On Sundays
Etc.
Present Tense 現在式
Simple Present Tense
singular noun(subject)主語（單一）
(He/ She/ It/ Singular person)
+
Verb動詞
Verb needs to change to 動詞需改變
+s /
( eats, reads, meets,etc)
+es ( last letter are CH, SH, O, S, X)
(teaches, goes, does)
字尾是Y的動詞
Y之前是響音Vowel（a,e,i, o,u)
y+s
( plays)
Y之前是啞音consonant
y=>i+es
(try=>tries)
e.g.:
Peter usually goes (go) to school on Monday.
He tries (try) to open the bottle.
Mary plays basketball on Tuesday.
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